This guidance note provides an overview of what countries need to do under the Paris Agreement in terms of preparing and regularly updating their climate targets (Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs), tracking progress in implementing and achieving them (transparency), and the role of Long-Term Low Greenhous Gas Emission Development Strategies (LT-LEDS or LTS) in achieving the mid-century temperature goals under the Paris Agreement. The note captures the state of play on NDCs and transparency and explains the requirements and provisions that policy officials might want to consider over the coming years as they plan and implement climate policy and action in their countries. It includes the most relevant outcomes of the six COPs following COP 21 in Paris, until COP 27 in Sharm el-Sheikh.