This handbook provides an overview of the full package of decisions adopted in the international negotiations concerning measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) provisions for developing countries under the Convention, including measurement and reporting through national communications and biennial update reports (BURs); procedures for international consultation and analysis (ICA); and guidelines for domestic MRV frameworks, including those for domestically supported nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) and activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD-plus).