As of June 2018, over a third (59 of 147) of developing countries had proposed agroforestry as a climate change mitigation activity to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, despite intentions to expand agroforestry, significant gaps exist between countries’ ambitions and their capabilities to measure, report and verify (MRV) agroforestry actions. The report describes institutional and technical hurdles faced by countries. Institutional hurdles include deciding which ministry is responsible for trees that occur on forest and agricultural lands (environmental or agricultural departments, for example) or finding financial resources and technical capacity to compile, process and store necessary data. Technical challenges include the need for new technology to measure agroforestry and figuring how and when their unique definitions of “forest” can be clarified to include agroforestry.