The International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) process is a crucial part of the international climate change framework established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Enhancing transparency and understanding the efforts of developing countries in addressing climate change, it plays a crucial role. The biennial update report (BUR) is an important document that developing countries submit to provide an overview of their efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the effects of climate change.

The ICA process is designed to facilitate a transparent and non-intrusive international review of these reports. It allows for a better understanding of the efforts made by non-Annex I Parties in addressing climate change and promotes a constructive exchange of information and experiences. The process is not meant to be punitive but rather to enhance the transparency and accountability of each country's actions. The process of ICA involves a team of experts conducting a technical assessment of a country's BUR. The purpose of this process is to assist countries in enhancing the quality of their BURs, exchanging experiences, and strengthening their ability to tackle climate change. The exchange of information also serves the purpose of fostering trust between nations and ensuring that all countries are actively participating in the global endeavor to address climate change.

In December 2022, Bhutan submitted its first BUR. The UNFCCC secretariat has recently initiated the process of Independent Consultation and Analysis for Bhutan's first BUR. Since this is our first experience with the review process, Bhutan has reached out to CBIT GSP for assistance in completing the ICA process within the given timeframe. CBIT GSP is providing technical assistance and capacity-building support to promote transparency and enhance understanding of accountability for current and future communications to the UNFCCC.